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The response is a probable candidate for prebiotic early-earth conditions and, so, is of interest within the studies of the beginning of existence. It has been determined that a few non-consecutive steps of the cycle can be catalyzed by minerals via photochemistry, even as complete two and 3-step sequences can be promoted through steel ions which includes iron (as lowering agents) below acidic conditions. However, the conditions are extraordinarily harsh and require 1 M hydrochloric or 1 M sulfuric acid and strong heating at 80–140 °C.