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• Ogun Oru is a traditional reason for nocturnal disturbances most of the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria; ogun oru (“nocturnal battle”) entails an acute night time-time disturbance that is culturally attributed to demonic infiltration of the frame and psyche at some stage in dreaming. Ogun oru is characterized by its incidence, a lady preponderance, the notion of an underlying feud between the victim’s earthly spouse and a “non secular” spouse, and the event of bewitchment via ingesting whilst dreaming. The circumstance is assumed to be treatable via Christian prayers or complicated conventional rituals designed to exorcise the imbibed demonic factors.

• In Egypt, its believed to be an evil African Queen’s ghost that is haunting souls which she is attempting to capture before being chased off by means of guardian spirits.

• In Zimbabwean Shona subculture the phrase Madzikirira is used to refer some thing strongly urgent one down. This by and large refers back to the spiritual world in which a few spirit—in particular an evil one—attempts to use its victim for some evil reason. The people accept as true with that witches can most effective be people of close members of the family to be powerful, and consequently a witches often try and use one’s spirit to bewitch one’s loved ones.

• In Ethiopian culture the word dukak (ዱካክ, “melancholy”) is used, which is believed to be an evil spirit that possesses people throughout their sleep. Some human beings accept as true with this revel in is a symptom of withdrawal from the stimulant khat. The evil spirit dukak is an anthropomorphic personification of the depression that frequently consequences from the act of quitting chewing khat. ‘Dukak’ often appears in hallucinations of the quitters and metes out punishments to its sufferers for offending him by means of quitting. The punishments are regularly within the shape of improbable physical punishments (e.G., the dukak places the victim in a bottle and shakes the bottle vigorously) or outrageous responsibilities the sufferer need to perform (e.G., swallow a bag of gravel).

• In Swahili speakme areas of Southeast Africa, it’s miles known as jinamizi (“strangled by way of jinn”), which refers to a creature sitting on one’s chest making it difficult for him/her to respire. It is attributed to result from someone snoozing on his lower back. Most people also bear in mind being strangled through this ‘creature’.

• In the Moroccan culture, sleep paralysis is called bou rattat, which means a demon that presses and covers the sleeper’s body so that they cannot move or speak.